Organoids are 3D cell culture models designed to have characteristic organ structure and function. These mini organs play an expanding role in biomedical research as they become more sophisticated approximations of human organs. Researchersfalse
Biliary fibrosis is a liver disease caused by inflammation that ultimately leads to scarring of the liver. This is a common symptom of biliary atresia, a rare congenital childhood disorder that causes bile to be trapped in the liver; this causesfalse
Epigenetics, the study of heritable DNA modifications and their impact on the regulation of gene expression, has been a field of scientific inquiry for nearly 80 years. In that time, however, the most commonly studied DNA modification has beenfalse
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect nearly any organ system in the body. A common symptom is lupus nephritis, which occurs when the disease attacks the kidneys causing inflammation, one of the leading causesfalse
Podocytes, specialized cells named for their foot processes, play an essential role in kidney function. These cells line the capillaries of the glomerulus, the functional unit of filtration within the kidney, and are connected by junctions thatfalse
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) — the most common primary liver cancer in adults — currently has poor prognosis in most patients. Previous research has shown that, by activating or silencing specific genes, researchers can gain insights into thefalse
Multifactorial chronic ocular surface disease — also known as “dry eye” — greatly affects quality of life and can lead to loss of vision in severe cases. Inflammation and instability of the tear film, the protective layer around the eye, can leadfalse